Abstract
Cancer may be a group of diseases which is categorized to differentiate into diverse cell types and move around within the body to sites of organogenesis that's key to the method of tumor genesis. all kinds of cancer fall under the group of malignant euplastic diseases. In Bangladesh, cancer is now one among the foremost killer diseases and its personal, social, and economic bearing are huge. Plant-derived natural compounds (vincristine, vinblastine, topside, paclitaxel, camptothecin, topotecan, and irinotecan) are useful for the treatment of cancer. Since there's no extensive ethno botanical research study in Bangladesh regarding the normal uses of medicinal plants against neoplasm’s, therefore, a randomized ethno pharmacological surveys were administered in 3 districts of Bangladesh to find out more about the usage of anticancer medicinal plants and their chemical constituents having antineoplastic activity. Comprehensive interviews were conducted to the folks medicine practitioners and medicinal plants as acknowledged by them were photographed, collected, deposited, and identified at the Bangladesh National Herbarium. the varied plant parts are employed by the healers including whole plant, leaves, fruits, barks, roots, and seeds. This study evaluated considerable potential for discovery of novel compounds with less side effects within the management and prevention of malignancy in cancer.
1. Introduction
Cancer is defined as an abnormal growth of cells caused by multiple changes in organic phenomenon resulting in deregulated balance of cell proliferation and necrobiosis . Cancer is those tumors [1] that have developed the power to invade the encompassing normal tissues. Cancers are caused by exogenous chemical, physical, or biological carcinogens in humans and therefore the mechanisms of carcinogenesis are often multifactorial and sophisticated . various factors may act by different mechanisms and at different stages of tumor development [2]. A cancerous cell is traveling throughout the body using the blood or lymph systems, destroying healthy tissue during a process called invasion, which cell manages to form new blood vessels to feed itself during a process called angiogenesis. Tumors may activate antigenic inhibitors (angiostatin and endostatin) which will modulate angiogenesis at both the first site and downstream sites of metastasis [3, 4], when a tumor successfully spreads to other parts of the body using the blood or lymph systems referred to as metastasis.
Cancer may be a leading explanation for death within the western world. within the us and variety of European countries, cancer is that the second leading destroyer after cardiovascular diseases [5]. Cancer can occur at any age and therefore the average age at the time of diagnosis for cancer is 67 years, and about 76% of all cancers are diagnosed at the age of 55 or older. Although cancer is comparatively rare in children, it's the second leading explanation for death in children ages of 1–14. during this age, leukemia is that the commonest explanation for death. the general death rates thanks to cancer have almost tripled since 1930 for men and gone up over 50% for ladies [6]. World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that some 84 million people will die of cancer between 2005 and 2015 round the world. In 2007, there have been 7.9 million deaths from cancer, around 13 percent of all deaths.
1.1. Cancer
Epidemiology in Bangladesh
The National Institute of Cancer Research and Hospital (NICRH) started a cancer registry in 2005 for the primary time in Bangladesh along side the planet Health Organization (WHO). This report covers three years from 2005 to 2007. Data were collected from 24,847 cancer patients who appeared within the NICRH for the primary time [7]. Among them, 10,847 (57.6%) were males. carcinoma was the leading cancer (17.3%), followed by cancers of breast (12.3%), lymph nodes and lymphatic’s (8.4%), and cervix (8.4%) for sexes combined altogether ages. In males’ lung (25.5%) and in females breast (25.6%) and cervical (21.5%) cancers were predominant. In children aged 14 years or younger, lymphoma, retinoblastoma, osteosarcoma, leukemia, and kidney cancers were most prevalent. carcinoma in males and cervical and carcinoma in females constitute 38% of all cancers in Bangladesh [7]. consistent with the WHO data published in April 2011, carcinoma deaths in Bangladesh reached 11,562 or 1.21% of total deaths. The age adjusted death rate is 12.52 per 100,000 of population ranking Bangladesh 4 within the world. There are quite a million (10 lakh) cancer patients in Bangladesh while approximately 200,000 new patients, mostly women, are added per annum creating a social burden on the country [8, 9].
Various plants are used against cancer and tumor in traditional medicine system of Bangladesh since a few years . Traditional medicinal knowledge has been a way towards the invention of the many modern medicines [10]. Traditional medicine is practiced in Bangladesh by folk medicine practitioners, also referred to as Kabirajes who utilize various formulations of medicinal plants in most of their preparations. we've observed that the Kabirajes of varied districts and areas use diverse sorts of plants for the treatment of schizophrenia and psychotic problems [11], cardiovascular problems [12], eye infections [13], snakebite [14], diabetes [15], gastrointestinal disorders [16, 17], HIV/AIDS related infections [18], atrophic arthritis [19], cattle diseases [20], and so on.
It was objective of this study to conduct a randomized ethno pharmacological survey to find out more about the medicinal plants employed by folk medicine practitioners of Bangladesh for the treatment of cancer and also to try to to comprehensive study on several published articles attributed to the in vivo or in vitro anticancer properties of those species. The anticipation was that the medicinal plants employed by the Kabirajes can convince be a useful source for further scientific studies resulting in discovering more efficacious anti euplastic drugs.